The Book on Business

Narrated 'Amr bin Shu'aib: From his father, from his grandfather that he heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) delivering a Khutbah in which he said: "Whoever gives a writ of emancipation to his slave, for one hundred Uqiyyah, and he pays it to him less then ten Uqiyah." - or he said: "Ten Dirham" - "then he becomes incapable (of paying the remainder), the he remains a slave."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Gharib. And this acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) and others: The Mukatab is a slave as long as something remains due from him for his Kitabah.Al-Hajjaj bin Artat reported similarly from 'Amr bin Shu'aib.

Narrated Umm Salamah: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When one of you (women) has a Mukatab ho has with him what will fulfill (the Kitabah) then observe Hijab from him."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. And the meaning of this Hadith according to the people of knowledge is that of caution. They say that the Mukatab is not freed, even if he has the amount to pay, until he pays it.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whichever person becomes bankrupt, and a man finds his particular merchandise with him, then he is more deserving of it than others.[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Samurah and Ibn 'Umar.[Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith of Abu Hurairah is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to some of the people of knowledge and it is the view of Ash-Shafi'i, Ahmad, and Ishaq.Some of the people of knowledge said that he is just like one of the debtors. This is the view of the people of Al-Kufah.

Narrated Abu Al-Waddak: That Abu Sa'eed said: "We had some wine that belonged to an orphan. When Al-Ma'idah was revealed I asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about it, I said: 'It belongs to an orphan.' He said: 'Spill it out.'"[He said:] There is something on this topic from Anas bin Malik.[Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith of Abu Sa'eed is a Hasan [Sahih] Hadith. Similar to this has been reported through other routes from the Prophet (ﷺ). Some of the people of knowledge stated according to this, they dislike the usage of wine for making vinegar. And the only thing that they disliked about it, and Allah knows best, is for a Muslim to have wine in his house until it becomes vinegar. Abu Al-Waddak's name is Jabr bin Nawf.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: That the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Fulfill the trust for the one who entrusted you, and do not cheat the one who cheated you."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Gharib. Some of the people of knowledge followed this Hadith, they said that when something belonging to a man is with another and he leaves (with it), then he has something that belongs to him, he may not withhold from him an equivalent to what the other took of his.Some of the people of knowledge among the Tabi'in allowed that. This is the view of Sufyan Ath-Thawri, he said: "If one man has some Dirham that belong to another, and the second has some Dinar belonging to the first, he may not withhold any in place of his Dirham, unless it so happens that he has some Dirham of his, then in that case he can withhold some of his Dirham equal to what he is owed by the first."

Narrated Abu Umamah: "During the year of the Farewell Pilgrimage, I heard the Prophet (ﷺ) saying during the Khutbah: "The borrowed is to be returned, and the guarantor is responsible, and the debt is to be repaid."[Abu 'Eisa said:] There are narrations on this topic from Samurah, Safwan bin Umayyah, and Anas. [He said:] The Hadith of Abu Umamah is a Hasan Gharib Hadith. It has also been reported through other routes besides this, from Abu Umamah, from the Prophet (ﷺ).

Narrated Qatadah: From Al-Hasan, from Samurah, that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Upon the hand is what it took, until it is returned." Qatadah said: "Then Al-Hasan forgot, so he said: 'It is something you entrusted, he is not liable for it.' " Meaning the borrowed property.[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. Some of the people pf knowledge, among the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) and others, followed this Hadith. They said that the possessor of the borrowed thing is liable. This is the view of Ash-Shafi'i and Ahmad. Some of the people of knowledge among the Companions and others said that the possessor of the borrowed this is not liable unless there is dispute. This is the view of Sufyan Ath-Thawri and the people of Al-Kufah, and it is the view of Ishaq.

Narrated Muhammad bin Ibrahim : From Sa'eed bin Al-Musayyab, from Ma'mar bin 'Abdullah bin Nadlah who said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying: 'Hoarding is nothing but sin.' So I (Muhammad) said to Sa'eed: "O Abu Muhammad! You hoard?" He said: "And Ma'mar would hoard."It is also been reported that Sa'eed bin Musayyab would hoard oil, (camel) fodder, and the like.[Abu 'Eisa said:] There are narrations on this topic from 'Umar, 'Ali, Abu Umamah, and Ibn 'Umar. The Hadith of Ma'mar is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge, they dislike hoarding food, and some of them make a concession for hoarding things other than food. Ibn Al-Mubarak said: "There is no harm in hoarding cotton, goat pelts and like."

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: That the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not go out to meet the market (caravan), do not leave animals un-milked (to deceive the buyer), nor out-spend one another."[Abu 'Eisa said:] There are narrations on this topic from Ibn Mas'ud and Abu Hurairah. The Hadith if Ibn 'Abbas is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge, they dislike selling the Muhaffalah, and it is the Musarrah that has not been milked by its owner in days or more than that, so the milk accumulates in its udder to impress the purchaser. This is a type of deceit and misrepresentation.

Narrated 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever takes a false oath to deprive a Muslim of his wealth, he will meet Allah while He is angry with him."Al-Ash'ath bin Qais said: "It is about me, by Allah! There was a dispute about some land between myself and a man from the Jews who denied my ownership of it, so I took him to the Prophet (ﷺ). The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to me: 'Do you have any proof ?' I said: 'No'. So he said to Jew: 'Take an oath.' I said: 'O Messenger of Allah! If he takes an oath then my property will be gone!' So Allah, Most High revealed: Verily those who purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's Covenant and their oaths.. until the end of the Ayah."[Abu 'Eisa said:] There are narrations on this topic from Wa'il bin Hujr, Abu Musa, Abu Umamah bin Tha'labah Al-Ansari, and 'Imran bin Husain. The Hadith of Ibn Mas'ud is a Hasan Sahih Hadith.

Narrated Ibn Mas'ud: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When the two parties (in a deal) disagree then the seller's statement is taken as valid, and the purchaser retains the option."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Mursal. 'Awn bin 'Abdullah did not see Ibn Mas'ud. This Hadith has also been reported from Al-Qasim bin 'Abdur-Rahman, from Ibn Mas'ud from the Prophet (ﷺ). But it also Mursal.[Abu 'Eisa said:] Ishaq bin Mansur said: "I said to Ahmad: what if when the two parties disagree and there is no proof (what is done)?' He said: 'The saying of the owner of the merchandise is taken as valid or they both refuse.' And Ishaq said as he did, and that in every case where his saying is taken, he must swear.'"[Abu 'Eisa said:] Similar to this has been reported from some of the people of knowledge among the Tabi'in, Shuraih is among those.

Narrated Abu Al-Minhal: From Iyas bin 'Abd al-Muzani who said: "The Prophet (ﷺ) prohibited selling water."[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Jabir, Buhaisah from her father, Abu Hurairah, 'Aishah, Anas and 'Abdullah bin 'Amr.[Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith is Iyas is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge, they dislike selling water. This is the view of Ibn Al-Mubarak, Ash-Shafi'i, Ahmad, and Ishaq. Some of the people of knowledge permitted selling water, Al-Hasan al-Basri is one of them.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: That the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not withhold surplus water so that it is prevented from the pasture."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.Abu Al-Munhal's name is 'Abdur-Rahman bin Mut'im, he is from Al-Kufah, and he is oen that Habib bin Abi Thabit reports from. Abu Al-Munhal Sayyar bin Salamah is from Al-Basrah, he is the companion of Abu Barzah Al-Aslami.

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: "The Prophet (ﷺ) prohibited studding the stallion."[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Abu Hurairah, Anas, and Abu Sa'eed.[Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith is Ibn 'Umar is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to some of the people of knowledge. There are those who made concession for accepting an honorarium for that.

Narrated Anas bin Malik: "A man from (the tribe of) Kilab asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about studding a stallion and he prohibited it. So he said: 'O Messenger of Allah! We stud the stallions so that we get honorarium (from the owners of the female horse)!' So he permitted it for honorarium."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Gharib, we do not know of it except as a narration of Ibrahim bin Humaid, from Hisham bin 'Urwah.

Narrated Rafi' b. Khadij: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The earnings of the cupper is filth, the earnings of the fornicator (from harlotry) is filth, and the price of a dog is filth."[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from 'Umar, 'Ali, Ibn Mas'ud, Abu Masu'd, Jabir, Abu Hurairah, Ibn 'Abbas, Ibn 'Umar, and 'Abdullah bin Ja'far.[Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith is Rafi' is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge, they disliked the price of a dog. This the view of Ash-Shafi'i, Ahmad, and Ishaq. Some of the people of knowledge permitted the price of the hunting dog.

Narrated Abu Mas'ud Al-Ansari: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prohibited the price of a dog, the earnings of the fornicator (from harlotry), and the news of the fortune-teller."This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Ibn Muhayyisah of Banu Harithah: From his father, that he sought permission from the Prophet (ﷺ) to take the wages for cupping and he (ﷺ) forbade him from it. He continued asking him and seeking his permission until he said: "Use it to give fodder to your water-carrying camels, and to feed your slaves."[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Rafi' bin Khadij, Abu Juhaifah, Jabir, and As-Sa'ib bin Yazid.[Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith of Muhayyisah is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to some of the people of knowledge. Ahmad said: "If I am asked for something by cupper then I deny him, acting upon this Hadith."

Narrated Anas: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was cupped. Abu Talhah did the cupping. So he ordered that he be given two Sa' of food, and he spoke to his masters to reduce his taxes. He said: 'The most virtuous of what you treat with is cupping.' Or, he said: 'The best of your treatments is cupping.'"[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from 'Ali, Ibn 'Abbas, and Ibn 'Umar.[Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith of Anas is a Hasan Sahih. Some of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ), and others permitted paying the cupper. This is the view of Ash-Shafi'i.

Narrated Jabir: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prohibited the price of the dog and the cat."[Abu 'Eisa said:] There is some confusion (Idtirab) in the chain for this Hadith. The price of a cat is not correct. This Hadith has been reported from Al-A'mash, from some of his companions, from Jabir, and they caused some confusion for Al-A'mash in this narration.There are those among the people of knowledge who disliked the price of a cat, and some of them permitted it. This is the view of Ahmad and Ishaq. It has been reported from Ibn Al-Fudail, from Al-A'mash, from Abu Hazim, from Abu Hurairah from the Prophet (ﷺ), through other than this route.

Narrated Jabir: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) prohibited eating the cat and from its price."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Gharib. We do not know of any major (known) narrators who reports from 'Umar bin Zaid (one of the narrators) besides 'Abdur-Razzaq.

Narrated Abu Al-Muhazzim: From Abu Hurairah who said: "The price of a dog was prohibited, except for the hunting dog."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is not correct from this route. Abu Al-Muhazzim's name is Yazid bin Sufyan, and Shu'bah bin Al-Hajjaj criticized him and graded him weak. Similar to this has been reported from Jabir, from the Prophet (ﷺ), but its chain is also not correct.

Narrated Abu Umamah: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Do not sell the (slave) female singers, not purchase them, nor teach them (to sing). And there is no good in trading in them, and their prices are unlawful. It was about the likes of this that this Ayah was revealed: And among mankind is he who purchases idle talk to divert from the way of Allah."[He said:] There is narration about this from 'Umar bin Al-Khattab.[Abu 'Eisa said:] We only know of the Hadith of Abu Umamah, like this, from this route. Some of the people of knowledge have criticized 'Ali bin Yazid (one of the narrators) and graded him weak, and he is from Ash-Sham.

Narrated Abu Ayyub: "I narrated heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying: 'Whoever seperates a mother from her child, Allah seperates him and his most beloved on the Day of Judgement.'"[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Gharib.

Narrated 'Ali : "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave me two boys who were brothers, so I sold one of them, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to me: 'O, 'Ali! What happened to your boy?' So I informed him, and he said: 'Return him, return him.'"[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Gharib. Some of the people of knowledge among the Companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) and others, disliked separating between the captives when selling them.Some of the people of knowledge permitted separating the children that were born in the land of Islam, but the first view is more correct. It has been related that Ibrahim An-Nakha'i seperated a mother and her child in a sale, so he was asked about that. He said: "I sought her permission for that and she approved."

Narrated 'Aishah: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) judged: "The produce is for the responsible one."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. This Hadith has been reported through routes other than this, and this acted upon according to the people of knowledge.

Narrated 'Aishah: "The Prophet (ﷺ) judged that the produce is produce is for the responsible one."[He said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih, Gharib as a Hadith of Hisham bin 'Urwah (a narrator).[Abu 'Eisa said:] Muslim bin Khalid Az-Zanji reported this Hadith from Hisham, from 'Urwah. Jarir reported it from Hisham as well. It is said that the narration of Jarir has Tadlis in in it, that Jarir committed the Tadlis, he did not hear it from Hisham bin 'Urwah.As for the meaning of "the produce is for the responsible one," he is the man who purchased the slave then the slave produced for him, and he found some defect in him so he returned him to the seller. Then the produce (of his work) is the purchaser's. In cases similar to this, the produce is for the responsible one.[Abu 'Eisa said:] Muhammad bin Isma'il called this Hadith Gharib, as a narration of 'Umar bin 'Ali (one of the narrators). I said: "Do you think that he committed Tadlis?" He said:"No".

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: That the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever enters an orchard then let him eat, but not take any in his garment."[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from 'Abdullah bin 'Amr, 'Abbad bin Shurahbil, Rafi' bin 'Amr, 'Umair the freed slave of Abi Al-Lahm, and Abu Hurairah.[Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith of Ibn 'Umar is Gharib Hadith. We do not know of it from this route except from Yahya bin Sulaim. Some of the people of knowledge have permitted the wayfarer to eat from the fruits, and some of them disliked it without paying.

Narrated Rafi' bin 'Amr: "I was throwing stones at a date-palm belonging to some of the Ansar. They tool me along with them to the Prophet (ﷺ). He said: "O Rafi'! Why were you throwing stones at their date-palm?'" He said: "I said: 'Out of hunger, O Messenger of Allah! He said: 'Do not throw stones at them, eat what falls. May Allah fill you and quench your thirst.'"This Hadith is Hasan Gharib Sahih.

Narrated 'Amr bin Shu'aib: From his father, from his grandfather, that the Prophet (ﷺ) was asked about hanging fruits (on the trees), so he said: "Whoever is in need and picks some of it without taking any in his garment, then there is no sin upon him."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.