The Book on Military Expeditions

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: "I was informed by As-Sa'b bin Jaththamah who said: " I said: "O Messenger of Allah our horses trampled over women and children of the idolaters." He said: "They are from their fathers.'"[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent us with an army and said: 'If you see so-and-so, and so-and-so' referring to two men from the Quraish: 'then burn them with fire.' Then, upon our departure, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'I ordered you to burn so-and-so, and so-and-so with fire, and indeed, none punishes with fire except Allah. So if you see them, then kill them.'"There are narrations on this topic from Ibn 'Abbas and Hamzah bin 'Amr Al-Aslami.[Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith of Abu Hurairah is a Hasan Sahih Hadith. This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge. In this Hadith, Muhammad bin Ishaq mentioned a man (narrating) between Sulaiman bin Yasar and Abu Hurairah. Others reported this Hadith the same as Al-Laith reported it(here, without a man between them). The narration of Al-Laith bin Sa'd is more appropriate and more correct.

Narrated Thawban: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever dies and he is free of three: Kibr (Pride), Ghulul, and debt, he will enter paradise."There are narrations on this topic from Abu Hurairah and Zaid bin Khalid Al-JuhniFootnote: Ghulul refers to goods stolen from the spoils of war, or concealed, before it is divided among the soldiers

Narrated Simak Abu Rumail Al-Hanafi: "I heard Ibn 'Abbas saying: 'Umar bin Al-Khattab narrated to me that he said: "It was said: 'O Messenger of Allah! So-and-so has been martyred.' He said: "No! I saw him in the fire of garment he pilfered from the spoils of war.' He said: 'Stand up O 'Umar! Call out that no one enters paradise except the believers.' Three times."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih Gharib.

Narrated Anas: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to go to battle with Umm Sulaim, and other women with her, from the Ansar, who would give water and attend to the wounded."[Abu 'Eisa said:] There is something on this topic from Ar-Rabi' bin Mu'awwidh. This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated 'Ali: From the Prophet (ﷺ), that Kisra sent him a gift so he accepted, and that kings gave him gifts and he accepted them.There is something about this from Jabir. This is a Hasan Gharib Hadith. Thuwair (a narrator in the chain) is Ibn Abi Fakhitah, whose name was Sa'eed bin 'Illaqah, and Thuwair's Kunyah was Abu Jahm.

Narrated 'Iyad bin Himar: That he gave the Prophet (ﷺ) a gift or a camel, so the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Have you accepted Islam?" He said: "No." He said: "Then I have been prohibited from the Zabd (gift) of the idolaters."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. And the meaning of his saying: "I haven been prohibited from the Zabd (gifts) of the idolaters" is their gifts.It has been reported about the Messenger (ﷺ) that he used to accept the gifts of the idolaters while a dislike for that is mentioned in this Hadith.And the implication is that this was after he used to accept from them, and then he later forbade their gifts.

Narrated Abu Bakrah: "The Prophet (ﷺ) was met by some affair that made him happy, so he prostrated to Allah."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Gharib, we do not know of it except from this route, as a narration of Bakkar bin 'Abdul-'Aziz.This is acted upon according to most of the people of knowledge, they held the view that one could perform the prostration of gratitude. And Bakkar bin 'Adbul-'Aziz bin Abi Bakrah is Muqarib (average) in Hadith.

Narrated Abu Hurairah: That the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Indeed a woman grants (assurances of protection) to a people" - meaning it is to be honored - "from the Muslims."There is something on this topic from Umm Hani, and this Hadith is Hasan Gharib.I asked Muhammad and he said: "This Hadith is Sahih. Kathir bin Ziad heard from Al-Walid bin Rabah, and Al-Walid bin Rabah heard from Abu Hurairah, and he is Muqarib (average) in Hadith.

Another chain from Umm Hani' who said: "I granted asylum for two men among my brother-in-laws. So the Messeneger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'We grant security to whomever you have granted security.'"[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.This is acted upon according to the people of knowledge. They permit assurance of protection by a women. This is the view of Ahmad and Ishaq. They permitted the asylum of a woman and slaveIt has been related from other routes from 'Umar bin Al-Khattab that he permitted the asylum granted by a slave.One of the narrators of this last narration Abu Murrah is the freed slave of 'Aqil bin Abi Talib - they also say that he was freed slave of Umm Hani' - and his name was Yazid.It has been related from 'Ali bin Abi Talib and 'Abdullah bin 'Amr that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "The covenants of the Muslims are one, it covers the rest of them."[Abu 'Eisa said:] According to the people of knowledge, the meaning of this Hadith is that whoever gives assurance of protection among the Muslims, then it is valis to all of them.

Narrated Abu Al-Faid: "I heard Sulaim bin 'Amir saying: 'There was a treaty between Mu'awiyah and the people of Rome. He was making an expedition into their lands so that when the period of the treaty was expires he would attack them. So when a man upon an animal' - or - 'upon a horse said: "Allahu Akbar! Fulfillment not betrayal!" - and it turned out to be 'Amr bin 'Abasah - Mu'awiyah asked him about that. He said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever has a treaty between himself and a people, then let him not violate the treaty nor try to change it until its time has passed, or , in retribution for a similar offense.'" He said: "So Mu'awiyah returned with the people."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Indeed the one who betrays will have a banner erected for him on the Day of Judgement."[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from 'Ali, 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud, Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri, and Anas.[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. I asked Muhammad about the Hadith of Suwaid, from Abu Ishaq, from 'Umarah bin 'Umair, from 'Ali, from the Prophet (ﷺ) who said: "For every person who betrays there will be banner." He said: "I do not know of this Hadith being Marfu'"

Narrated Samurah bin Jundab: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Kill the elder men among the idolaters and spare the Sharkh amont them."And the Sharkh are the boys who did not begin to grow pubic hair.[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.Hajjaj bin Artah narrated similarly from Qatadah.

Narrated 'Atiyyah Al-Qurazi: "We were presented to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the day of (the battle of) Quraizah. Whoever had pubic hair was killed and whoever did not was left to his way. I was of those who did not have pubic hair so I was left to my way."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. This is acted upon according to some of the people of knowledge. They consider pubic hair an indication of the age of responsibility, if it is not known whether he has had a wet dream, or his age. This is the view of Ahmad and Ishaq.

Narrated 'Amr bin Shu'aib: From his father, from his grandfather, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said during his Khutbah: "Fulfill the allegiances sworn in Jahiliyyah for it" - meaning Islam - "does not add to them except in gravity. And do not initiate new allegiances in Islam."[He said:] There are narration on this topic from 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf, Umm Salamah, Jubair bin Mut'im, Abu Hurairah, Ibn 'Abbas, and Qais bin 'Asim.[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Bajalah bin 'Abdah : "I was a scribe for Jaz' bin Mu'awiyah at Manadhir when 'Umar's letter came to us (saying): 'Inspect the Zoroastrians around you to take the Jizyah from them. For indeed 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf informed me that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took the Jizyah from the Zoroastrians of Hajar.'"[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan.

Narrated Bajalah: That 'Umar would not take the Jizyah from the Zoroastrians until 'Abdur-Rahman bin 'Awf informed him that the Prophet (ﷺ) took Jizyah from the Zoroastrians of Hajar."There is more dialogue in the Hadith than this. And this Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated 'Uqbah bin 'Amir: "I said: 'O Messenger of Allah! We come across a people and they do not host us, and they do not give us our rights, and we do not take anything from them. So the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'If they refuse such that you can only take by force, then take.'"[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan. It has been reported by Al-Laith bin Sa'd from Yazid bin Abi Habib as well.This Hadith only means that they would go out for battles and they would pass a people among whom they would not find any food to buy for a price. So the Prophet (ﷺ) told them: If they refuse to sell you, such that you have to take it forcefully, then take it. This is how the explanation has been related in some of the Ahadith. And it has been related that 'Umar bin Al-Khattab, may Allah be please with him, would order similarly.

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: That on the day of Conquest of Makkah, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "There is no Hijrah after the conquest, there is only Jihad and intention, and when you are called to go forth (for battle), then go."[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from Abu Sa'eed, 'Abdullah bin 'Amr, and 'Abdullah bin Hubshi.[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. Sufyan Ath-Thawri reported it similarly from Mansur bin Al-Mu'tamir.

Narrated Yahya bin Abi Kathir: From Abu Salamah, from Jabir bin Abdullah about the statement of Allah, most High: Allah was pleased with the believers when they gave the pledge to you under the tree (48:18). that Jabir said: "We pledged to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) that we would not flee, and we did not pledge to him for death."[He said:] There are narration on this topic from Salamah bin Al-Akwa', Ibn 'Umar, 'Ubadah, and Jarir bin 'Abdullah.[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is been reported from 'Eisa bin Yunus, from Al-Awza'i, from Yahya bin Abi Kathir who said: "Jabir bin 'Abdullah said" and he did not mention Abu Salamah on it.

Narrated Yazid bin Abi 'Ubaid: "I said to Salamah bin Al-Akwa': "For what did you pledge to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on the Day of Al-Hudaibiyyah?" He said: "For death."This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Ibn 'Umar: "We used to pledge to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) to hear and obey." So he would say to us: "As much as you are able."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Jabir bin ‘Abdullah : "We did not pledge to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) for death, but only that we would not flee."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih, meaning both of the Ahadith are Sahih. Some of his Companions pledged to him for death, they said only: "We will not leave from in front of you as long as we are not killed." While others pledged him by saying: "We will not flee."

Narrated Abu Hurairah: That the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Three will not be spoken to by Allah on the Day of Judgement, nor will they be purified, and for them is a painful torment: A man that gave a pledge to an Imam, and if he gives to him he fulfills it, and if he does not give to him he does not fulfill not fulfill it."[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Narrated Jabir: "A slave came to give the pledge to the Prophet (ﷺ) for Hijrah, but the Prophet (ﷺ) did not realize that he was a slave. So his master came, and the Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Sell him to me.' So he purchased him for two black slaves. After this he (ﷺ) would not take the pledge from anyone until he asked him if he was a slave."[He said:] There is something on this topic from Ibn 'Abbas.[Abu 'Eisa said:] The Hadith of Jabir is Hasan Gharib Sahih, we do not know of it except as a narration of Abu Az-Zubair.

Ibn Al-Munkadir heard Umaimah bin Ruqaiqah saying: "I pledged to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) along with some women. He said to us: 'In as much as you are able and capable.' I said: 'Allah and His Messenger are more merciful to us than we are to ourselves,' then I said: 'O Messenger of Allah take the pledge from us.'" - Sufyan (one of the narrators) said: meaning: 'shake (hands) on it with us' - "so the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'My statement to one hundred women is like my statement to one.'"[He said:] There are narrations on this topic from 'Aishah, from 'Abdullah bin 'Umar, and Asma' bint Yazid.[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih, we do not know of it except as a narration of Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir.Sufyan Ath-Thawri, Malik bin Anas, and others reported this Hadith from Muhammad bin Al-Munkadir similarly. He said: I asked Muhammad about this Hadith and he said: "I am not aware of a Hadith other than this from Umaimah bint Ruqaiqah." There is another woman named Umaimah who narrated from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).

Narrated Al-Bara' : "We used to say that the participants of Badr on the Day of Badr were like the number of companions of Talut, three hundred and thirteen men."[He said:] There is something on this topic from Ibn 'Abbas.[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih. Ath-Thawri and others reported it from Abu Ishaq.

Narrated Ibn 'Abbas: That the Prophet (ﷺ) said to a delegation from 'Abdul-Qais: "I order you to give the Khumus from your spoils of war."He said: There is a story with this Hadith[Abu 'Eisa said:] This Hadith is Hasan Sahih.

Another chain with similar narration.

Narrated 'Abayah bin Rifa'ah: From his father, from his grandfather Rafi' bin Khadij, who said: "We were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on a journey, when the hasty people went rushing ahead to the sheep to cook them, while the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was in the rear of the people. Then he passed the kettled and ordered that they be weighed, then he distributed it between them and equated a camel to ten sheep."[Abu 'Eisa said:] Sufyan Ath-Thawri reported it from his father, from 'Abayah, from his grandfather Rafi' bin Khadij, and he did not mention "from his father" in it.This was narrated to us by Mahmud bin Ghailan (who said:) "Waki' narrated it to us from Sufyan." And this is more correct. 'Abayah bin Rifa'ah heard from his grandfather Rafi' bin Khadij.He said: There are narrations on this topic from Tha'labah bin Al-Hakam, Anas, Abu Rihanah, Abu Ad-Darda, 'Abdur-Rahman bin Samurah, Zaid bin Khalid, Jabir, Abu Hurairah, and Abu Ayyub.